when summer winds down and students head back to the classroom, communities across the country experience a noticeable shift in traffic patterns. school zones fill with buses, crossing guards return to duty, and an increase in pedestrian and bike traffic brings new dynamics to local streets. at snyder & associates, we work closely with communities to design safe transportation systems. we know that a successful school year begins with a shared commitment to safety of vulnerable roadway users like student pedestrians and bicyclists.

be alert while driving near school buildings and college campuses, alike. college campuses, such as iowa state university, are likely to have students commuting at all hours of the day.

whether you’re a parent, commuter, cyclist, or student, here are four essential traffic safety reminders to keep top of mind this back-to-school season:

1. slow down in school zones

reduced speed limits during school hours. slower speed limits in school zones are crucial to conflict reduction and improved safety potential. reducing speed allows drivers more time to react and significantly decreases the risk of injury for pedestrians and bicyclists in the event of a crash. in many areas, school zone speed limits are strictly enforced during arrival and dismissal hours.

tip: always watch for flashing school zone signs and be aware of crossing guards or students near the curb, crosswalks and intersections. even if you’re running late, rushing through a school zone isn’t worth the risk.

2. watch for pedestrians and cyclists

students walking or biking to school often travel along residential streets with limited sidewalks or crosswalks. some younger students may not yet have the judgment skills needed to cross safely. motorists should be especially alert near intersections, mid-block crossings, and multi-use trails that intersect with roadways.

reduce speed in school zones and be prepared to stop. look for flashing school zone signs.

tip: approach all crosswalks with caution, especially those near schools or parks, and yield to pedestrians. additional tip: avoid blocking crosswalks with your vehicle when stopping at a stop sign or traffic signal.

3. know the rules around school buses

stay alert when following a bus and anticipate frequent stops. it’s illegal in all 50 states to pass a school bus that is stopped to load or unload children; yet this remains one of the most common and dangerous violations observed during the school year. when a bus extends its stop arm and activates flashing red lights, traffic in both directions must stop (unless on a divided highway).

tip: watch for children gathering at bus stops or crossing the street to board the bus.

4. eliminate distractions in drop-off zones

school drop-off and pick-up areas are busy. cars pulling in and out, children entering and exiting vehicles, and impatient drivers all create safety conflicts. distracted driving, even momentary glances at a phone or digital display can have serious consequences in these high-activity zones.

tip: stay focused and off your phone when driving in or near school areas. follow your school’s designated drop-off procedures and remain patient to help ensure everyone’s safety.

a shared responsibility

creating a safe environment for students is a shared responsibility between city planners, traffic engineers, school officials, parents, and drivers. at snyder & associates, we support this goal through thoughtful roadway design, school circulation studies, and safe routes to school 2022世界杯32强预选赛 . but the most immediate impact happens behind the wheel with each of us making smart, safety-conscious choices every day.

let’s work together to make this school year a safe one for every student, every family, and every community.

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uncontrolled stormwater runoff is a significant factor in the degradation of surface water quality and can lead to costly overflows that result in flooding and dangerous 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health hazards. as urban development continues to surge, so do these associated issues. to address this growing problem, innovative strategies and technologies are being developed to both manage and monitor stormwater runoff more efficiently.

benefits of effective stormwater management

stormwater management is the 2022世界杯32强预选赛 , implementation, and maintenance of practices to control the changes in stormwater runoff caused by human actions. this operation is an essential part of environmental protection, as it helps to reduce the number of pollutants and sediment that can be carried away to local waterways. in the past, stormwater management was typically a secondary concern for municipal leaders, following water supply and wastewater management. in recent years, however, stormwater management efforts have grown as municipalities recognize the need and benefits of institutional stormwater programs. regulatory requirements often drive investments to deal with combined sewer overflows, pollution, flooding, and erosion in local streams and rivers. urban water planners hope to benefit from integrating management across water sectors for other municipalities. stormwater management is here to stay; no matter the driving cause, the snyder & associates team is here to help.

stormwater management in the transportation sector

stormwater management in transportation is especially vital in collecting and cleaning runoff. while streets, roads, and highways provide essential benefits in transporting goods, people, and services, they can become conduits for delivering pollutants into the water system. runoff from these surfaces can carry everything from heavy metals from car tires, brakes, and engine wear to hydrocarbons from engine lubricating fluids. if poor stormwater management practices exist, these pollutants can enter the aquatic environment and degrade the ecosystem. engineering design is key in diminishing these effects, with specific strategies tailored by location or project to incorporate best management practices (bmps). one of our stormwater experts, steve klocke, p.e., detailed several of our team’s most common practices and design strategies for transportation-related stormwater projects.

bioretention cells
a bioretention cell is a filtration or infiltration basin that uses vegetation, soils, and other natural materials to remove pollutants from stormwater runoff. these systems are an effective and attractive way to manage stormwater runoff that can be used in developed and undeveloped areas. there are many benefits to using bioretention cells, including improved water quality, reduced runoff, and improved aesthetics. however, one downfall of this practice is that routine maintenance is required to manage vegetation and clean debris from the cells. if proper action is not taken, backups can occur, resulting in an ineffective system.

the fourmile wetland was created to help removed stormwater from polk county’s largest watershed spanning 76,600 acres.

constructed stormwater wetlands
a constructed stormwater wetland is an engineered system capable of removing sediment, nutrients, and other pollutants from larger volumes of water while also providing stormwater detention. this stormwater management option offers a variety of benefits, including reducing flooding, improving water quality, and providing habitat for wildlife. as a manmade feature, constructed stormwater wetlands are created by excavating a basin with a mixture of shallow areas and deeper pools and planting native wetland plants. the basin is fed by a stormwater pipe or a natural waterway like a stream or creek. as concentrated stormwater rushes into the wetland, it spreads out, and the velocity drops as it slowly meanders its way through the wetland, allowing sediment to settle out and plants to filter out pollutants. during large storm events, the wetland provides temporary detention and storage for floodwater.

initial upkeep for these systems is focused on establishing the wetland vegetation for the first few years. future maintenance activities involve mowing side slopes several times a year, removing invasive species, monitoring sediment accumulation in the forebay and normal pool areas, and removing sediment as required. it is important to remain consistent in the upkeep of stormwater wetlands as an unmaintained constructed wetland may become an eyesore and nuisance to the community. with extreme neglect, a constructed wetland may stop filtering the rainwater entirely. this could allow trash and pollutants to enter local streams, causing flooding or safety concerns — and repair expenses may far exceed the cost of regular maintenance.

stormwater detention vaults were in place during jasper street construction in pleasantville, iowa.

detention vaults
providing stormwater detention for roadway runoff can be challenging, especially in an urban setting where right-of-way and utilities limit the available space. the most economical approach for stormwater detention is to acquire land adjacent to the roadway. when that option is not possible or practical, underground detention vaults may be utilized. various underground detention vaults (or chambers) are available, ranging from a single concrete box or a series of pipes to manufactured concrete chambers or modular plastic units. these structures can store large amounts of stormwater and slowly release it after the rain has passed, preventing uncontrolled runoff and protecting our waterways and infrastructure.

permeable paving
permeable paving is an increasingly popular choice for both residential and commercial applications. this type of paving allows water to pass through its surface, making it an ideal solution for parking lots, alleys, and low-volume roadways, as it will enable stormwater to be captured and treated while still allowing traffic flow. permeable pavers are widely used and available in various styles, colors, and performance levels. a porous asphalt pavement and permeable concrete are viable options in the appropriate setting. these pavements provide numerous benefits, including improved drainage, reduced runoff, groundwater recharge, and reduced ice and snow accumulation. although this can be a great alternative for parking lots, sidewalks, and driveways, permeable paving may require special considerations for use in high-traffic or high-speed areas as it can have a lower load-bearing capacity than conventional pavement types.

the parking lot of armstrong park is created of permeable pavers allowing stormwater to seep through.

mechanical separators
mechanical separators are a stormwater management technique typically used in urban areas to remove suspended sediments and trash, debris, and oil from stormwater. these include proprietary systems such as hydrodynamic or vortex separators, gravity separators, filtration systems, and simpler structures like storm intakes with a sump or insert to capture sediment. this option is particularly viable when space limitations prevent using other bmps as it is incorporated into a stormwater intake or located immediately adjacent to the intake. to treat the runoff, these systems put captured stormwater through screenings and churning to remove unwanted contaminants before releasing the cleaned stormwater. depending on the type and size of the structure, they can be costly and are typically used only in heavily urbanized areas where other practices are impractical.

selecting the right stormwater management system

every community is different, and every stormwater project has distinct needs. as a result, there is no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to stormwater management. with so many different options on the market, it can be difficult to know where to start. our experts consider factors like available right-of-way space, current utilities in the area, desired level of treatment, and budget when determining which process or combination of processes would provide the best results. however, even with our years of practical knowledge and experience, all stormwater practices require some analysis or modeling to properly size and design. with this more precise data, our engineers can pinpoint capacity levels and provide the right-sized solutions to combat localized flooding and waterway degradation.

funding considerations drive project success

on the investment side, transportation stormwater management also requires thoughtful strategy. setting aside sufficient funding for stormwater management is key, as is finding ways to make up for funds if projects fall short of their financial goals. creative funding sources such as low-interest loans, grants, and credits can help finance these efforts while maintaining budgetary goals and deadlines. our team has decades of experience navigating the complex application process that often accompanies grant funding and may be able to help your community find the necessary funding to jumpstart your next project. ultimately, transportation stormwater management is a complex issue with multiple considerations. our civil engineers and transportation professionals continuously work to find innovative approaches to ensure that new construction and renovation projects have sustainability and stormwater infrastructure in mind.

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transportation profoundly influences urban spaces, shaping their design and functionality. as engineering, 2022世界杯32强预选赛 , and design experts, we understand transportation’s pivotal role in addressing the challenges posed by population growth, environmental concerns, and the need for efficient mobility. to create sustainable and connected cities, the snyder & associates team continually explores key transportation-related urban design trends that are revolutionizing urban landscapes, ranging from pedestrian-friendly infrastructure to smart mobility solutions and their impact on overall city 2022世界杯32强预选赛 .

embracing pedestrian-oriented infrastructure for sustainable communities

one of the most significant trends in transportation-related urban design is the emphasis on pedestrian-oriented infrastructure. where applicable, we recognize the importance of transforming traditional car-centric cities into walkable neighborhoods with vibrant 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 spaces. by prioritizing the needs of pedestrians, we create environments that reduce traffic congestion, improve air quality, and promote healthier lifestyles. walkable neighborhoods are at the core of this trend, offering convenient access to essential amenities such as schools, parks, shops, and workplaces within walking distance. proximity is key to fostering a sense of community, encouraging social interactions, and reducing reliance on private vehicles for daily commuting needs.

to accommodate pedestrians, we advocate for investment in wider sidewalks. ample sidewalk space allows for comfortable and safe pedestrian movement, making walking a more enjoyable and convenient mode of transportation. expanding sidewalks also creates opportunities for sidewalk cafes, outdoor seating areas, and other amenities, enhancing the overall vibrancy of the urban landscape. pedestrian plazas are also gaining prominence in urban areas. these 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 spaces are designed specifically for pedestrians, providing relaxation, recreation, and socializing areas. pedestrian plazas often feature seating, green spaces, 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 art installations, and sometimes even performance spaces. these plazas contribute to the city’s overall livability and aesthetic appeal by creating attractive and inviting pedestrian spaces.

世界杯足球比赛预选赛 plaza design incorporates environmental benefits: prairie heritage civic plaza
the establishment of pedestrian-only streets is another significant development in pedestrian-oriented infrastructure. these car-free zones prioritize the needs and safety of pedestrians, allowing for uninterrupted walking and promoting a more enjoyable urban experience. pedestrian-only streets attract vibrant street life, with pedestrians freely exploring and engaging with their surroundings. they also provide opportunities for street vendors, performers, and other forms of 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 life that contribute to the vitality and character of the city.

we address several pressing issues by encouraging walking and cycling by providing pedestrian-oriented infrastructure. one of the primary benefits is the reduction of traffic congestion. as more people choose to walk or cycle for shorter trips, there is a corresponding decrease in the number of cars on the road. this reduction not only eases congestion but also leads to shorter travel times and fewer delays for those who rely on cars for transportation.

furthermore, prioritizing pedestrians contributes to improved air quality. with fewer vehicles emitting pollutants, cities experience a significant reduction in air pollution levels, leading to healthier environments for residents. this improvement in air quality directly impacts 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health, reducing the risk of respiratory problems and other pollution-related illnesses. promoting pedestrian-oriented infrastructure also encourages healthier lifestyles. walking and cycling are forms of physical activity contributing to overall fitness and well-being. by designing more walkable and bike-friendly cities, individuals are more likely to incorporate active transportation into their daily routines, increasing physical activity levels and improving health outcomes.

embracing complete streets for a sustainable future

the concept of complete streets is revolutionizing urban 2022世界杯32强预选赛 by designing roads and streets that accommodate all modes of transportation, including pedestrians, cyclists, and 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit. complete streets feature dedicated bike lanes, crosswalks, and 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit stops, ensuring safe and efficient movement for all users. this trend aims to reduce reliance on private vehicles and foster a more inclusive and sustainable transportation network.

one of the key elements of complete streets is the provision of dedicated infrastructure for various modes of transportation. this includes incorporating bike lanes, which offer safe spaces for cyclists to travel alongside motor vehicle traffic. these lanes can be physically separated from the main roadways, creating a barrier between cyclists and cars, or they can be marked with designated signage and pavement markings to enhance visibility and promote a shared space between cyclists and motorists. by integrating bike lanes into the street design, complete streets encourage cycling as a viable alternative to driving, reducing congestion and emissions and promoting physical activity.

corridor traffic study recommends complete street solutions for cedar falls
another crucial aspect of complete streets is the inclusion of well-designed crosswalks and pedestrian facilities. pedestrians are often the most vulnerable road users and complete streets prioritize their safety by providing marked and accessible crosswalks, sidewalks, and curb ramps. sidewalks may be widened or added where lacking, ensuring pedestrians have safe and comfortable spaces to walk and interact with their surroundings. other pedestrian-friendly features such as countdown timers, raised crosswalks, and pedestrian refuge islands contribute to safer and more convenient journeys.

moreover, complete streets emphasize the integration of 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit infrastructure. this involves designing streets to accommodate bus stops, transit shelters, and dedicated lanes for buses or trams, facilitating efficient and reliable 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transportation services. by prioritizing 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit, complete streets aims to make it a more attractive option for commuters, reducing the reliance on private vehicles and decreasing traffic congestion and air pollution. integrating 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit into street design also promotes equitable access to transportation, ensuring that individuals without access to private vehicles can still navigate the urban environment effectively.

incorporating “complete streets” into infrastructure improvement projects
the overarching goal of complete streets is to create a sustainable, inclusive transportation network that supports various modes of travel. by prioritizing the needs of pedestrians, cyclists, and 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit users, complete streets promote active and healthy lifestyles, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance overall city livability. additionally, these street designs often improve economic vitality by creating more inviting business environments and fostering vibrant street life. to implement complete streets effectively, collaboration among various stakeholders is crucial. this includes input from transportation planners, urban designers, 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health officials, community members, and advocacy groups. by working together, cities can adopt comprehensive policies, guidelines, and design standards that prioritize complete street principles in future development projects and retrofit existing roadways.

diverting the bike lane behind the floating bus island creates a much safer user environment.

micro-mobility revolutionizing urban transportation

the rise of micro-mobility solutions, such as e-scooters, bike-sharing programs, and electric bikes, is revolutionizing urban transportation. as active participants in this trend, we recognize the transformative potential of these compact and environmentally friendly options in providing last-mile connectivity and complementing existing 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit systems. designing cities to accommodate and encourage micro-mobility options, including dedicated bike lanes, bike-sharing stations, and safe storage facilities, helps reduce congestion, promotes active lifestyles, and provides affordable transportation alternatives.

one of the key advantages of micro-mobility solutions is their ability to provide last-mile connectivity. the distance between 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit stops and people’s final destinations can be challenging in many cities. micro-mobility options bridge this gap, allowing commuters to easily cover short distances without relying on private cars or buses. this last-mile connectivity is particularly valuable in crowded urban areas, where traffic congestion and limited parking spaces make car travel inefficient and time-consuming.

first avenue trail creates council bluffs connection
micro-mobility solutions also complement existing 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit systems by enhancing accessibility and extending the reach of traditional transportation networks. by integrating e-scooters, bike-sharing programs, and electric bikes into the urban fabric, cities can provide residents and visitors with more transportation choices. this multimodal approach encourages people to combine different modes of transport, optimizing their journeys and reducing reliance on private cars.

the extra-wide first avenue trail provides plenty of space for several modes of transportation. photo credit: ashley kruse, city of council bluffs

to fully leverage the benefits of micro-mobility solutions, cities must design their infrastructure to accommodate and encourage their use. this includes creating dedicated bike lanes and paths to ensure the safety of cyclists and e-scooter riders. these lanes protect micro-mobility users and enhance their overall experience by providing a designated space where they can travel efficiently and confidently. implementing bike-sharing stations throughout the city, strategically placed near transit hubs, popular destinations, and residential areas, makes it convenient for people to access and return shared bicycles or e-scooters.

furthermore, cities should consider providing safe and secure storage facilities for micro-mobility vehicles. offering options like bike racks, designated parking areas, and charging stations encourages responsible parking and reduces clutter on sidewalks. these facilities improve the overall aesthetics of the city and ensure that micro-mobility options are readily available.

the integration of micro-mobility solutions into the urban fabric has numerous positive impacts. first and foremost, it helps reduce traffic congestion. as more people choose e-scooters, bike-sharing programs, and electric bikes over private cars for short trips, the number of vehicles on the road decreases, leading to smoother traffic flow and reduced congestion. this, in turn, contributes to improved air quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, benefiting both the environment and 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health. additionally, micro-mobility solutions promote active and healthy lifestyles. encouraging residents to use bicycles or e-scooters for daily commuting or leisure activities fosters physical activity and reduces sedentary behaviors. this shift towards more active transportation options can have significant health benefits, including reduced obesity rates, cardiovascular disease, and other lifestyle-related ailments.

smart mobility and intelligent transportation systems enhancing efficiency and accessibility

the advent of technology has given rise to smart mobility and intelligent transportation systems (its), leveraging data and connectivity to enhance transportation efficiency. as 2022世界杯美洲杯预选赛 and 2022世界杯32强预选赛 experts, we recognize the transformative potential of its in optimizing traffic flow, reducing travel times, and improving the overall transportation experience. smart mobility solutions contribute to more sustainable and accessible urban environments by integrating traffic management systems, real-time 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit information, and smart parking solutions. traffic management systems, utilizing sensors, cameras, and advanced algorithms, monitor traffic flow, detect congestion, and optimize signal timings at intersections. real-time data analysis allows these systems to dynamically adjust signal phases to minimize delays, reduce congestion, and improve overall traffic flow. this results in shorter travel times, improved fuel efficiency, and reduced emissions, making transportation more efficient and environmentally friendly.

bettendorf city-wide signal retiming project improves traffic efficiency
smart mobility solutions also encompass real-time 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit information systems, providing passengers with up-to-date information on bus and train schedules, delays, and route changes. by accessing this information through mobile apps or digital displays at transit stops, commuters can make informed decisions about their travel plans, minimizing wait times and improving their overall transit experience. smart parking solutions leverage technology to provide real-time information on available parking spaces, enabling drivers to locate and reserve parking spots in advance. this saves time, reduces frustration, and optimizes parking space utilization, leading to more efficient use of urban parking infrastructure. these solutions reduce traffic congestion and unnecessary fuel consumption associated with searching for parking spaces. these intelligent transportation systems and smart mobility solutions significantly benefit urban environments. by optimizing traffic flow, reducing travel times, and minimizing congestion, they contribute to improved air quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. additionally, providing convenient and reliable real-time transit information encourages 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transportation, reducing dependence on private vehicles and promoting sustainable mobility options.

2022世界杯32强预选赛 for the transportation system of a “smart city”
furthermore, smart mobility solutions enhance accessibility by providing transportation options for individuals with limited mobility or disabilities. ride-sharing services and on-demand transportation platforms enable people to access transportation services tailored to their needs. this promotes inclusivity and ensures everyone can access safe and efficient transportation options.

urban design embracing green infrastructure and active transportation

urban design trends are increasingly incorporating green infrastructure and promoting active transportation. green infrastructure integrates natural elements into the urban fabric, such as parks, greenways, and urban forests. these elements not only enhance the aesthetics of the city but also provide spaces for recreation, improve air quality, and mitigate the urban heat island effect. active transportation, including walking and cycling, is closely linked to green infrastructure, as it encourages healthier lifestyles and reduces the environmental impact of transportation. incorporating green infrastructure enhances urban aesthetics by introducing elements of nature into the built environment. parks and green spaces provide areas for recreation and leisure activities, fostering community building and social interactions. access to green spaces has been associated with improved mental well-being and reduced stress levels.

gallery garden park provides urban-style green space
green infrastructure serves practical purposes beyond aesthetics. urban forests help mitigate the urban heat island effect by providing shade, reducing surface temperatures, and promoting evaporative cooling. trees and vegetation improve air quality by absorbing pollutants and producing oxygen. greenways contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing habitats for various species and facilitating their movement through the city. active transportation is closely intertwined with green infrastructure, as it promotes the use of non-motorized modes of transport like walking and cycling. urban design strategies prioritize creating pedestrian-friendly infrastructure, such as wider sidewalks, well-marked crosswalks, and pedestrian-only zones. by encouraging people to walk or cycle for their daily commute, cities reduce reliance on cars and decrease carbon emissions, contributing to a greener environment.

the serene beauty of the park invites downtown patrons to stop and sit a spell. photo credit: marshalltown convention & visitors bureau

sugar creek, greenway trail extension, creates vital connection for five waters project
integrating active transportation and green infrastructure has numerous benefits for individuals and communities. walking and cycling promote healthier lifestyles and combat sedentary behavior. by making cities more walkable and bike-friendly, urban design supports physical activity and enables residents to incorporate exercise into their daily routines. promoting active transportation also has economic advantages. reduced dependence on cars can result in decreased traffic congestion and the need for extensive parking infrastructure. walking and cycling can enhance local businesses by increasing foot traffic and creating vibrant streetscapes that attract shoppers and tourists. urban planners, architects, and policymakers incorporate green infrastructure and active transportation into their design guidelines and regulations to support these trends. they prioritize the creation of interconnected networks of green spaces, integrating them with existing urban features and transportation systems. collaborations between city governments, community organizations, and developers ensure the successful implementation of these initiatives.

embracing transportation trends for sustainable and connected cities

at snyder & associates, we recognize the significance of transportation-related urban design trends in shaping sustainable and connected cities. by embracing pedestrian-oriented infrastructure, complete streets, micro-mobility solutions, smart mobility, green infrastructure, and active transportation, cities can address pressing issues such as traffic congestion, air pollution, 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health, and equity. these trends offer a transformative approach to urban 2022世界杯32强预选赛 , focusing on people-centric designs that prioritize the needs of pedestrians, cyclists, and 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit users. they promote healthier lifestyles, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance accessibility, and create vibrant and inclusive urban environments.

to successfully implement these trends, collaboration among various stakeholders is crucial. transportation planners, urban designers, 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health officials, community members, and advocacy groups must collaborate to adopt comprehensive policies, guidelines, and design standards that prioritize these principles in future development projects and retrofitting existing infrastructure.

by embracing transportation-related urban design trends, cities can pave the way for sustainable and connected urban environments that improve the quality of life for residents, protect the environment, and promote equitable access to transportation. as we continue to witness urbanization and population growth, we must prioritize these trends to create functional, resilient, livable, and environmentally responsible cities.

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maintaining a safe and reliable transportation system is essential for any city or town, and the quality of a community’s streets and infrastructure has a significant impact on its livability, economic vitality, and overall quality of life. however, over time, aging infrastructure can deteriorate, and roadways can become damaged, leading to a decline in driving conditions, accessibility, and safety. when it comes to improving roadways, there are several reconstruction methods and improvement options to consider, each with its advantages and disadvantages. the comprehensive design services offered by the snyder & associates team ensure we can cover any option your specific situation requires. here, we’ll explore several roadway reconstruction methods and improvement options guided by criteria such as the need to replace underground infrastructure, pavement rehabilitation options, adding multimodal accommodations, and adding or reducing lanes.

road reconstruction when underground infrastructure needs replacing

when underground infrastructure such as water, sanitary, or storm sewer lines require repair or replacement, street reconstruction is often necessary. this process typically involves removing the existing pavement, excavating the roadway to access the underground infrastructure, making the necessary repairs or upgrades, and then rebuilding the roadway from the ground up. this approach ensures that the infrastructure below the surface is functioning properly and safely while also providing a new, smooth, and durable roadway for drivers. our team’s ability to “package” projects together can often save substantial amounts of money for our clients. our recent work in two locations around council bluffs showcases our ability to match the most cost-efficient repair or replacement option with each particular need.

pavement rehabilitation & reconstruction options

sometimes the underground infrastructure is in good condition, and the focus of the road improvement is on the pavement itself. two popular pavement reconstruction and rehabilitation options are crack and seat and full-depth reclamation (fdr). crack and seat is a process where the existing concrete pavement is fractured into small pieces using specialized equipment. the fractured pieces are then compacted to create a stable base for a new layer of pavement. this technique is best suited for pavements with moderate to severe cracking or unevenness and the base material is in good condition. the crack and seat method also eliminates the need (and expense) of hauling and disposing of broken chunks of the old roadway. read more about this unique roadway rehabilitation process performed along school street in the city of carlisle. full-depth reclamation (fdr) is a more comprehensive approach that involves pulverizing the existing asphalt or concrete pavement with a special milling machine and blending it with the underlying layers of soil and aggregate. emoluments are then added for stabilization, creating a new base layer that is then covered with a new layer of asphalt. fdr is best suited for pavements with deep structural issues, including rutting and base failures. click here to read a more in-depth discussion about fdr and how our team has incorporated this process into our service offering.

working with existing infrastructure to add multi-modal accommodations

pedestrian “refuge islands” make it safer for people to cross a street with busy traffic.

as communities seek to become more accessible, equitable, and sustainable, they’re consistently placing a greater emphasis on multimodal transportation options such as walking, biking, and 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit. one way to improve the safety and accessibility of roadways is to add multimodal accommodations. this may include adding bike lanes, sidewalks, or dedicated transit lanes. bike lanes provide a designated space for cyclists to ride, separating them from vehicular traffic and increasing safety. these lanes can be added to existing roadways by repurposing a portion of the roadway or by widening the road. sidewalks provide safe, accessible walkways for pedestrians, increasing connectivity and promoting active transportation. in areas where sidewalks are lacking, they can be added through new construction or by widening the roadway. dedicated transit lanes and floating bus islands provide a designated space for buses or other 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transit vehicles, allowing them to bypass traffic and improving travel times for transit users. these lanes can be added by repurposing an existing lane or by widening the roadway. our team of experts has been instrumental in implementing all types of multi-modal accommodations for numerous clients and communities. these projects include the alburnett road corridor extension in the city of marion, pleasant hill streetscape upgrades, and the 6th avenue streetscape project for the city of des moines. all these projects incorporate one or more multi-modal features.

adding or reducing (road diet) roadway lanes

adding or reducing lanes is another option for improving the functionality and safety of streets. adding lanes can increase capacity and improve traffic flow while reducing lanes, also known as a “road diet,” can improve safety by reducing speeds and the number of conflict points. when considering adding or reducing lanes, it’s imperative to conduct a thorough traffic analysis to determine the impact on traffic flow and safety. it’s also important to consider the needs of all users of the street, including pedestrians and cyclists. while adding lanes may often require the installation of a new pavement area, a road diet is typically completed within the bounds of the existing roadway. dual-use center turn lanes may be added, as well as dedicated bike lanes to meet the multi-modal needs of the area. our team’s recent work along 5^th avenue s in fort dodge highlights the benefits of adding turn lanes to a busy commercial thoroughfare. further to the south, in knoxville, we completed a road diet project along lincoln street/iowa highway 14 that maximized the city’s investment and created a safer, more efficient corridor.

customized comprehensive street & roadway solutions

developing safe and reliable roadways is crucial for any community’s success. aging infrastructure and damaged roadways can negatively impact driving conditions, accessibility, and safety, ultimately affecting a community’s quality of life and economic vitality. fortunately, there are various roadway reconstruction methods and improvement options available, each with its benefits. the snyder & associates team offers comprehensive design services to help communities navigate these options and find the best solutions for their specific needs. by investing in the improvement of their transportation system, cities and towns can create a more livable and thriving environment for their residents and businesses.

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the rapid and continual expansion of multi-use trails across the united states has opened a new world of recreation and exercise options. along with the trails, pedestrian bridges have experienced a comparable increase in the construction of unique, iconic, and picturesque structures to complete trail connections. spanning rivers, lakes, roadways, and valleys, these bridges are no longer simply utilitarian pieces of infrastructure that connect point a to point b. instead, the bridge often becomes its own destination.

many of these bridges have been designed by engineers to be both functional and visually appealing, with features such as arches, curves, and different colors and textures. some bridges are also built with artistic elements such as sculptures, ornaments, and lighting, adding to the overall aesthetic appeal. the trestle-to-trestle bridge in johnston, iowa is a prime example. this bridge has quickly become a major draw, not only for nearby residents in search of recreational opportunities but also for tourists who are drawn to the intricate light displays that illuminate the structure at night.

railroad bridges along abandoned stretches of track have also become incredibly popular as the rail-trail concept has taken off. giving these structures a second life as a trail bridge can greatly reduce expenses for the owner community when compared to building a new structure. the high trestle trail bridge between woodward and madrid, iowa highlights the impact of reusing a railroad bridge on a massive scale. this 2,530-foot-long, 130-foot-tall bridge over the des moines river was constructed on nearly two dozen existing concrete piers from a former railroad bridge. this structure not only draws recreational trail users but also has become a magnet for railroad and train buffs who enjoy viewing the repurposed structure.

some trail bridges draw visitors because they’re visually attractive, and they provide access to equally stunning scenery. the mark c. ackelson trail bridge in easter lake park checks both of those boxes. it seemed unlikely at first, but this pedestrian bridge has become a tourist attraction in its own right. people visiting the park make it a point to stroll across the bridge and catch the one-of-a-kind views over the restored wetlands. the entire span is well-lit and features several viewing outcrops along the way for people who need to rest periodically on the journey, take in the breathtaking landscape, or simply want to sit and watch other pedestrians go by.

improved access, economic boost & increased recreation

in providing connections across once-impassable spaces, bridges and trestles can address environmental and equitable access concerns in areas where people otherwise would need motorized transportation. at the same time, they can be critical in linking together larger networks of trails, which serve as major tourism draws and economic engines.

the construction of trail bridges creates jobs for the local community and increases economic activity by boosting local businesses. and as part of hiking and biking trails, they can provide access to parks, nature preserves, and other recreational areas. when strategically positioned, they’re often used as backdrops or gathering places for community events and festivals, providing a unique and memorable experience for participants.

snyder & associates trail bridge project sampling

trestle-to-trestle bridge
in the spring of 2019, the trestle-to-trestle trail bridge over beaver creek was severely damaged by an ice dam and collapsed.

trestle-to-trestle trail bridge over beaver creek, johnston, iowa.

the former trail bridge was originally a 316’-long timber and steel railroad bridge that had been repurposed for trail use. when the ice dam caused its collapse, designers knew they needed to create a replacement that could withstand greater threats from flooding and debris. the snyder & associates team along with our structural subsidiary, 2022足球世界杯小组赛赛程 , were able to create a replacement bridge that far surpassed the structural stability of its damaged predecessor.

the final design for the new bridge is a much more solid structure that incorporates modern aesthetics with practical design applications. a customized led lighting system is incorporated into the design and is unique to a structure of this type. it not only illuminates the bridge deck and approaching trail path but also the underside of the bridge. the lighting system can be programmed to change colors in a near-unlimited pattern, sequence, or timeframe, creating a one-of-kind visual attraction for trail users and vehicle traffic on nearby interstate 80.

high trestle trail bridge
the focal point of the high trestle trail is the impressively long bridge over the des moines river valley between madrid and woodward.

high trestle trail bridge over the des moines river, madrid, iowa.

constructed on existing concrete piers from a former railroad bridge, the snyder & associates team coordinated with 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 artist david dahlquist on the design of the bridge.

while the original steel girder railroad bridge was built at the location in 1913, it was replaced by the u.s. army corps of engineers in 1973 with a new 2,526-foot-long span to accommodate the increased hydraulic pressures created by the saylorville dam and reservoir project just 15 miles downstream. when the railroad went bankrupt a few short years later, the bridge sat largely unused for several decades. when the idea for the trail bridge was introduced, the massive concrete bridge piers had barely been “broken in” and could easily provide the solid footing needed for the trail bridge. the resulting structure is a major draw for not only recreational trail users but also railroad tourists who travel to the site to experience this grand reuse of a rail structure.

mark c. ackelson trail bridge
as part of the easter lake restoration project, a separate but coordinated component of the plan was the creation of a trail project to encompass the lake and connect with other area attractions. named in honor of the former iowa natural heritage foundation (inhf) president mark c. ackelson, the trail project was designed by the snyder & associates team and included a signature trail bridge.

mark c. ackelson trail bridge over easter lake, des moines, iowa.

the stunning ackelson trail bridge is located at the west end of the trail and serves as an impressive focal point with overlooks at each pier. the tranquil environment and magnificent views draw nearby residents, as well as regional visitors to experience this one-of-a-kind trail bridge and surrounding park.

around the world, bridges have long served as the hallmarks, gateways, and centerpieces of communities, providing connectivity that has a major impact on active transportation, tourism, and economic development. they can be an important part of community development and can even help to revitalize local economies. above all, pedestrian trail bridges can be more than just functional structures, they can be destination locations that attract tourists, create jobs, and provide recreational opportunities.

contact our team today to find out how we can create a one-of-a-kind structure that’ll improve your trail network and increase trail bridge tourism.

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the explosion of multi-use trails nationwide has been a boon to recreational trail users, community residents, and businesses. trails provide a non-motorized means of traveling through and around a community while creating new revenue streams for businesses surrounding the trail alignment. with these benefits, however, comes the potential for conflicts between trail users and vehicle traffic, most commonly near at-grade crossings. because of this prospect, designing trail crossings with safety in mind is one of the most critical components of trail 2022世界杯32强预选赛 .

4 at-grade roadway surface crossing treatments and safety measures

one of the advantages of using a trail is that it provides a dedicated right-of-way to pedestrians and bicyclists that minimizes interactions with vehicles. an important consideration when designing a trail crossing is that many trail users, especially cyclists trying to maintain momentum, may have a low tolerance for long delays at crossings. while several common types of roadway trail crossings are covered in the guide for the development of bicycle facilities produced by the american association of state highway and transportation officials (aashto), there are other types that designers need to treat on a case-by-case basis.

skewed trail approach
in a perfect world, all trails would meet the roadway at 90°, ensuring high visibility and clean sight lines for users and vehicle traffic. however, many routes (especially those following former rail lines) approach the roadway at an acute angle, creating a less-than-ideal safety situation. to improve these crossings, designers often create a reverse curve or “s” alignment in the trail to bring the junction closer to perpendicular to the roadway. designing a reverse curve into the trail alignment can also act as a visual cue or “traffic calming” measure to slow bicyclists as they approach the crossing.

a skewed alignment brings the trail closer to the perpendicular near the crossing.

trail signage & striping
while trail users are responsible for slowing or stopping at roadway crossings, it’s also important to make drivers aware of trail crossings. these overlapping goals can be accomplished using a prominent tool: signage. signage is not the only way to create safer crossings, but it is often the most direct. it’s best to keep in mind, however, that the manual on uniform traffic control devices (mutcd) states, “the use of warning signs should be kept to a minimum, as the unnecessary use of warning signs tends to breed disrespect for all signs,” making it more likely they’ll be ignored entirely. to supplement signage, pavement markings on both the road and the trail are methods to improve driver and trail user recognition of crossings. multiple crosswalk marking types are acceptable depending on jurisdictional preference and the volume of vehicles and trail users. with a higher volume of roadway or trail users, consideration should be made to implement high-visibility signage or pavement markings to raise driver awareness of the crosswalk location. other crossing control options may be considered on a case-by-case basis. fhwa’s guide for improvement pedestrian safety at uncontrolled crossing locations is an excellent resource to reference.

striping can separate trail travel lanes, much like on the roadway.

raised crossings & speed tables in low-speed areas
in urban low-speed environments, using a raised crosswalk or speed table provides a visual cue to vehicles on the possibility of pedestrian/bike crossings. it requires vehicles to lower speed to traverse the raised crosswalk. proper roadway signage and pavement markings accompany this element to alert drivers. raised crosswalks can also be constructed of a contrasting color to the adjacent pavement, providing added visibility. this can include concrete pavers or colored concrete. design considerations need to be made on the geometry of the raised crosswalk so that vehicles can traverse it at an acceptable low speed without damaging the bottom of the vehicle. also, special consideration is typically needed to maintain positive roadway drainage across the raised crosswalk.

truncated dome mats and audible crossing warnings help the sight and hearing impaired navigate the crossing.

ada compliance at crossings
to comply with ada requirements, detectable warning systems must be installed at all crossings to increase accessibility and safety.  this is typically accomplished using truncated dome panels. embedded in the concrete, trail users can see, feel, or hear these panels, indicating a crossing is directly in front of them. while these devices may be viewed as a minor nuisance to inline skaters and skateboarders, they are necessary to ensure the safety of all users. it’s also common for rural paved trail sections to cross a gravel road. to keep trail users from crossing loose gravel, a concrete area is constructed on either side of the crossing, allowing pedestrians and bicyclists to stay on a paved surface. keeping at-grade crossings to a minimum is always ideal when designing multi-use trail alignments. however, their necessity shouldn’t prevent (or even slow) the rapid development of these critical infrastructure pieces as we seek a healthier and more sustainable world. while not all-inclusive, employing several features will provide an improved and safer interaction between vehicle traffic and trail users for at-grade crossings.

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in today’s roadway repair environment, the practice of removing the old roadway material and replacing it with new is often impractical from the standpoint of cost and environmental impact. an increasingly useful alternative is known as full-depth reclamation (fdr). fdr is a roadway reconstruction method that involves recycling the existing asphalt pavement structure and using it as the base for the new roadway. the team at snyder & associates has increasingly made use of this cost-effective and sustainable alternative to traditional roadway reconstruction. before explaining the fdr process, however, it’s critical to discuss the benefits of fdr and when it’s most appropriate to use this method over full removal and replacement.

benefits of full-depth reclamation roadway repair

alligator cracks had seriously compromised this section of the roadway (left). the fdr process, however, reuses this surface layer as the new base (right).

there are several reasons why fdr is a preferred method of roadway reconstruction over traditional methods. first, fdr is more cost-effective. because it involves recycling the existing pavement material, there’s no need to purchase and transport new materials, which substantially reduces the cost of the project. in addition, fdr is typically a faster process, as it does not require the complete removal and replacement of the old pavement. this can save time and reduce disruptions to traffic flow during construction.

second, fdr is more environmentally friendly. recycling the existing pavement reduces the amount of waste generated and the need for new materials, which can reduce the project’s carbon footprint. also, fdr often involves the use of additives, such as asphalt emulsion or cement, which can improve the stability and durability of the recycled pavement material. this can reduce the need for maintenance and repair over the lifespan of the roadway.

third, fdr can improve the overall quality of the roadway. simply by recycling the existing pavement material, fdr generally creates a stronger and more stable base for the new roadway. additionally, fdr eliminates ruts, rough areas, and potholes, as well as alligator, transverse, longitudinal, and reflection cracking. in addition, fdr restores the grade contours to allow for better surface drainage. this further increases the lifespan of the roadway and reduces future maintenance costs.

when to use full-depth reclamation over complete roadway replacement

fdr is most appropriate for asphalt roadways that have reached the end of their useful lifespan and have deteriorated due to age, heavy traffic, or environmental factors such as temperature changes and moisture. however, fdr is unsuitable for concrete pavements, as the recycling process can weaken the concrete, leaving it unsuitable for use as the new base. fdr is also a good option for roadways that need significant repairs, improvements, or substantial redesign. for example, fdr can add layers to a roadway to increase its thickness and strength or add features such as curbs and gutters. fdr can also be used to correct issues with the existing roadway, such as unevenness or drainage problems.

steps involved in the full-depth reclamation process

1. the first step in the fdr process involves milling. milling removes the top layer of the existing pavement using a specialized piece of equipment and grinds the material into a pulverized mix. this step is necessary to create a smooth and even surface for the new roadway. the depth of the milling will depend on the condition of the existing pavement and the desired thickness of the new roadway.
2. once the top layer of the pavement has been removed, the next step is to mix the pulverized pavement material with additives such as asphalt emulsion or cement. this process can also include adding chemicals to the base layer to increase its strength capacity. the treatment of the base layer and recycled asphalt provides a stronger foundation for current and future traffic loads and effectively produces a cost-effective solution that maximizes limited budgets.
3. after the pavement has been mixed, it’s compacted using heavy machinery to create a stable and even base for the new roadway.
4. the final step is to shape the recycled pavement material to match the desired profile of the new roadway. this may involve adding additional layers of material to increase the thickness of the roadway or adding features such as curbs and gutters.

full-depth reclamation is a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to traditional roadway reconstruction. it takes cold, in-place recycling to the next level by grinding up the old pavement and using it as a stronger foundation for the new roadway. as this process continues to gain widespread use, our team will continue to recommend its use whenever possible, as a cost-saving measure for our client communities.

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complex infrastructure projects can be a hassle for the traveling 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 . when roadways, sidewalks, and the surrounding landscaping are disrupted for renovations or reconstruction, commuters are often left scrambling to find alternative routes to their destination. but these crucial transportation and utility projects also create an opportunity to improve the multimodal accommodations of corridors and make them more “complete” for all users.

complete street components are generally identified through transportation master plans or corridor studies that are performed in advance of infrastructure projects. using these plans and studies as a foundation, our transportation experts work closely with client communities to develop the detailed design of those complete street elements (bike lanes, transit stops, pedestrian crossings, etc.) that ultimately help complete the multimodal transportation networks envisioned by our clients.

for the snyder & associates team, this centers around ensuring the multimodal transportation systems that we recommend are appropriate for our client. we aim to right-size our solutions for promoting 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 transportation, bicycle, and pedestrian travel, improving accessibility and connectivity between modes (transit stations, intermodal terminals, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities), and coordination with land use. and when we incorporate these improvements with already-planned utility or roadway infrastructure projects, the cost savings to our client communities can be substantial.

complete street solutions in action — central iowa case studies

the university avenue “complete street” project that our team completed for the city of des moines is one example of building above-ground transportation amenities in conjunction with below-ground infrastructure improvements. situated between 25^th and 30^th streets along university avenue, these multimodal upgrades were part of our near west side sewer separation phase 3 project that allowed us to put something back in place that is better than what was there before.

diverting the bike lane behind the floating bus island creates a much safer environment for users.

the sewer project involved the removal of the street pavement and bike lanes to accommodate the sewer work. above ground, we reduced travel lanes from five to three to slow vehicle traffic and provide space to move the sidewalks away from the street.

our team was also able to provide a new space for bicycles using on-street bike lanes. and at several bus stop locations along the corridor, the bike lanes divert behind the bus stop, creating a “floating bus island” to improve the interaction of buses, bikes, and pedestrians either using the bus or walking along the corridor. while floating bus islands are a relatively new approach in iowa, this unique solution shows a commitment by communities to prioritize the more vulnerable transportation network users over vehicular traffic.

in a similar vein, our 6^th avenue streetscape project in des moines began as a years-long green stormwater infrastructure project. stretching along 6^th avenue between university and college avenues, we also began by reducing travel lanes from five to three. but instead of floating bus islands, the added space allowed us to move the sidewalks away from the street, making it much more comfortable and safer to walk along and across 6^th avenue.

additionally, we were able to provide a new space for bicycle lanes on the west side of the street that connects to the local trail network. this too was a new approach in iowa for providing separate routes for both bikes and people walking, where it’s usually a shared space.

complete street solutions in action — eastern iowa case studies

pedestrian “refuge islands” make it safer for people to cross a street with busy traffic.

in eastern iowa, our team has introduced similar multimodal solutions as part of larger infrastructure projects. the recently designed bowling street sw four-lane to three-lane conversion in the city of cedar rapids greatly improved this corridor between 50^th avenue sw and wilson avenue sw. these improvements were a part of a roadway rehabilitation project to improve the condition of the pavement, reduce the travel lanes, and provide the space for on-street bike lanes.

the corridor is situated among a mixed-use of industrial and residential properties and has experienced high crash rates. higher traffic speeds also limited the safe crossing of pedestrians. our team effectively reduced the travel lanes and added left-turn lanes along bowling street sw. more importantly, we designed a space between the trail and the street, making it much more comfortable and safer to walk along and across bowling street sw. an upgraded mid-block pedestrian crossing created a pedestrian “refuge island” and the addition of rectangular rapid flash beacons provides a safer pedestrian crossing.

just down the interstate highway in iowa city, mormon trek boulevard was also the beneficiary of several multimodal improvements. this project was completed in support of the overall implementation of the community’s 2017 iowa city bicycle master plan. the stretch of mormon trek boulevard between highway 1 and melrose avenue was identified as a high priority to construct buffered bike lanes in conjunction with a road diet.

again, reducing the travel lanes from four to three provided more space between the sidewalk/trail and the street, making it much more comfortable and safer to walk along and across the corridor. due to the higher volume and faster-moving traffic along mormon trek boulevard, buffered bike lanes provided better separation between bicyclists and vehicle traffic, creating a safer environment.

maximizing transportation project benefits with complete streets components

the snyder & associates team has been incorporating the latest in complete street elements into our design projects for many years. the projects showcased above are great examples of how our transportation and utility construction projects lead to opportunities to improve the multimodal usage of corridors and make them more complete for all users.

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establishing a high-speed communications network in a small municipality may seem like a monumental task for many community leaders. however, in today’s world of instant communication, the need for these ultra-fast networks is quickly becoming a critical necessity. the ability to link government buildings, traffic signals, and 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 utility operations, often with fiber optic technology, can be the difference between a community stagnating or flourishing.

grimes, iowa in the northwest corner of the des moines metropolitan area is a prime example of a community that recognized the need for an improved communications network. in 2012, grimes had a population of around 9,000 people with relatively minimal city staff. fast forward 10 years and the community has more than doubled its population and experienced a significant increase of in-house staffing, resulting in the need for faster and higher-capacity bandwidth communications.

north james street & beaverbrook blvd, grimes, iowa.

around the time this population surge began, city leaders in grimes realized they needed to improve traffic flow between the nine existing traffic signals under the city’s control, which would entail establishing a communication system to connect each intersection. at the same time, the city’s five 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 buildings each had separate, private internet connections with an isolated it network within each building. this led to complications in sharing data between city departments and physical locations and hindered their ability to create a city-wide backup system to minimize data security concerns.

while the city’s needs were obvious, city leaders knew they needed professional assistance to guide this complex process. they partnered with the 2022世界杯32强预选赛 and engineering team from snyder & associates to lay the groundwork and help implement a system that would address all their current and future communication network needs.

establishing a communications network master plan: grimes, iowa case study

as with any new project, the question is often, “where to begin?” whether expanding an existing system or designing a new communications network from scratch, the process starts with the creation of a master plan. a thorough master plan needs to contain the following:

1. setting clear connection goals
this initial stage should include the assessment of all buildings, facilities, or equipment that would benefit from a communications network connection. this could also encompass other equipment like traffic signals, water towers, pump stations, or anything that could be remotely monitored. for the city of grimes, it was determined the initial goals should be to connect buildings and the traffic signal network with the ability to expand with further population growth.

2. review existing it infrastructure
this step should include the review of existing building it infrastructure and layouts and any exterior infrastructure that could be utilized for network connections. a review of as-built traffic signal construction plans or previous projects that could have installed conduits is also beneficial. in the case of the city of grimes, this process was used to identify pathways within buildings, connections to traffic signal cabinets, and available conduits along street and highway corridors that could potentially be used to house fiber cable.

3. investigate 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 agency partnerships
partnering with other 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 agencies to create a joint network could result in serious cost and/or resource savings. potential 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 agencies include local/regional school districts, county governments, and state agencies (including departments of transportation). these 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 agencies may have a similar need to install it infrastructure along shared paths. joining forces could reduce potential funding needs for all groups. the city of grimes reached out to local agencies and found a partner with the iowa department of transportation (dot). the iowa dot already owned fiber optic cable along one of the corridors with fibers designated to share with grimes. this relieved the city from installing additional cable along those segments. further, this process helped identify a fiber optic cable path the municipality could share with the iowa dot for additional it equipment that would be a benefit to both agencies.

4. determining the network transmission method
with goals established and infrastructure inventoried, now is the time to determine what additional equipment is needed to complete the network. here, several options are available. the installation of fiber optic cable between buildings and equipment provides the fastest and most reliable connection. however, fiber optic cable requires either overhead installation or subsurface installation among all other underground utilities. while slower than fiber optic, a less-expensive copper cable could be utilized to a limited extent. it has similar installation obstacles to fiber but could be utilized if funding is not adequate. alternatively, a wireless radio network could be installed more quickly and at a lower cost. the wireless option, however, is less reliable than fiber optic cable. each method has positives and negatives that need to be weighed in the selection process. grimes leaders opted to move forward with fiber optic cable as the primary connection, with wireless radio communication used for isolated traffic signals. the city had a portion of the conduit already installed and was able to utilize a shared fiber optic cable provided by the iowa dot.

5. determine costs and implementation strategy
costs for installation can be high. establishing an implementation strategy that best meets funding availability will provide the best chance for success. with their estimated costs determined, the city of grimes’ master plan was carefully organized to prioritize the necessary infrastructure to create the mandatory connections, with further budgetary measures for future connections.

locating funding opportunities & designing the network

our professionals have worked with numerous communities on fiber optic connectivity projects, including the above clive & urbandale, iowa intersection addressing the need for an asct system.

with a master plan complete, the next task is to determine funding opportunities. partnering with other agencies is perhaps one of the best ways to uncover additional funding sources beyond local agency funding. additionally, there may be grant programs at the state or federal level specifically tailored for communications enhancement projects. since the city of grimes was including communication to the traffic signal network, the city was able to apply for congestion mitigation and air quality (cmaq) funding to coordinate traffic signals. in iowa, cmaq funding is available under the iowa clean air attainment program (icaap). qualifying for these funds allowed grimes to use federal aid to cover nearly 80% of the project costs.

guided by the master plan and their vast fiber-optic network experience, the snyder & associates team set about designing the communication network for the city. the team created detailed construction plans, provided the details for adding infrastructure, entering buildings, accessing equipment, and detailing the unique splicing requirements to provide the necessary connectivity. these meticulous plans are necessary to aid the contractor during construction. speaking of contractors, the use of specific grant programs may come with additional stipulations, such as the requirement to use a specific bidding method or provide detailed documentation during construction. the snyder & associates team assisted the city with all facets of the project from funding applications and designs through the construction process.

also, depending on the funding source, the time needed to complete a communication project, even for a small community, could be two years or more. once completed, the system will need to be monitored and maintained to make sure it remains fully operational. the city of grimes decided during the master plan process to split the full communication system into two separate projects. the first project (which included the master 2022世界杯32强预选赛 process) lasted approximately 2.5 years from start to finish and connected the primary buildings and all existing traffic signals. the second project (currently under construction) connects the remaining buildings, as well as the additional traffic signals constructed after the completion of the first project. the second project is anticipated to take a similar duration as the first.

for a small community on the doorstep of growth, implementing a comprehensive communication network can seem like a daunting task. when done right and with professional guidance, however, a community will have full control over its it network, fast and reliable connectivity to all 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 facilities and equipment, and can limit their reliance on outside utilities for multiple connections and avoid monthly connection charges. like the city of grimes has experienced, upgrading to a cutting-edge fiber-optic system will provide the connectivity they need to adapt to a rapidly changing, interconnected world.

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with the constant reminders in our daily newsfeed, it’s difficult not to notice the increasing number of fatalities and injuries occurring on our nation’s roadways. factors such as speeding, aggressive driving, distracted driving, drunk driving, and drowsy driving often play a role in this dire circumstance. inexperienced drivers and inappropriate driving habits in the case of weather conditions can also have a contributing influence. further, transportation experts have found that vehicle interactions at high speeds and intersections are two of the leading causes of driver and pedestrian fatalities. it’s also true, however, that many roadway traffic deaths and injuries are partly caused by structural deficiencies in roadway and intersection design, meaning these types of crashes can be minimized or avoided by establishing the right combination of design measures. in the past, the high cost associated with safer roadway designs has tempered implementation progress. however, as technology advances and more funding opportunities become available through sources like the bipartisan infrastructure law (bil), new infrastructure is quickly becoming a cost-effective solution for cities, counties, and other municipalities.

five strategies for safer roadway infrastructure

working with various local governments, snyder & associates engineers and transportation experts have been at the forefront of designing and implementing roadway infrastructure that establishes safer and more efficient networks for drivers and pedestrians. from practical design guidelines to tangible infrastructure suggestions, this snapshot of design strategies provides insight into five techniques popular with our professionals.

1. access management (am)
while not a direct engineering solution, access management (am) is a critical design component for encouraging healthy and safe growth. roadways serve two primary purposes: mobility and access. while mobility deals with the efficient movement of people and goods, access allows those people and goods to reach specific destinations and properties along those roadways. access management strategies are designed to maximize mobility by managing access to adjacent properties. managing existing and newly constructed corridors has long been a significant concern in many states. as sections of rural land on the outskirts of expanding communities are developed, there’s pressure to add features such as commercial driveways, at-grade 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 road intersections, and traffic signals to arterial highway routes that should primarily serve high-speed traffic.

2022世界杯32强预选赛 for access management in advance of expansion creates a safer traffic environment.

these added features can potentially diminish the speed and traffic capacity of these roadways and cause significant safety issues. this is where access management comes into play. properly implementing access management principles balances the competing needs of traffic mobility and safe access to adjacent properties and supports future land development along a corridor. Â the traffic professionals with snyder & associates know the critical impacts of designing roadway networks while adhering to proper access management guidelines.

2. pedestrian-focused accommodations
pedestrians face several safety issues when crossing or interacting with roadway traffic. these risks increase exponentially when roadways have multiple lanes and support heavy traffic. pedestrian-friendly measures should be viewed as a toolbox of strategies available to slow traffic, reduce dangerous crossings, and create a safer environment for not only pedestrians and cyclists but also drivers. raised medians and pedestrian islands are one design strategy that can provide a safer way for pedestrians and cyclists to cross busy roadways.

proper signaling and raised medians reduce crashes involving pedestrians.

this allows users to cross halfway and then reevaluate oncoming traffic from the safety of a raised area before proceeding. they also work to keep the opposing lanes of travel separated. narrowed roadway lanes and curb bump-outs are two more strategies for calming traffic and providing safer pedestrian access. popular at busy intersections, these roadway tools are increasingly common near high foot traffic locations, like shopping districts and sports stadium venues. while crashes involving pedestrians account for an increasing percentage of overall traffic injuries and fatalities, many of these incidents are preventable with the proper engineering strategies.

3. road diets
in the early days of road construction, roadway projects typically focused on system and capacity expansion. when the traffic volume of a two-lane road exceeded what it could accommodate, more lanes were added. this was a standard solution to address congestion issues, so four-lane roads became the norm across the country. however, it turns out that more lanes are not always the best solution for every corridor.

a “road diet” refers to removing vehicle travel lanes while maintaining the same width. the most common form of a road diet (lane reduction or lane reconfiguration) converts a four-lane, undivided road into a two-lane road with a center, two-way left-turn lane. road diets change how roadway space is allocated by simply moving the striping. by giving left-turning traffic its own space and through traffic its own space, you only need three lanes, not four. the extra space created by a road diet can be used for parking spots, bike lanes, and other complete street improvements that encourage active transportation and support the local economy. this low-cost strategy is an efficient way to enhance safety and improve access along a corridor.

4. roundabouts
while initially more popular in european nations, roundabouts have become increasingly popular in the united states over the last two decades. modern roundabouts are circular intersections that move traffic counterclockwise around a center island, creating a more efficient and safer environment. designed for lower-speed driving with all traffic moving in the same direction, roundabouts have yield signs at each entry point, giving vehicles in the roundabout the right-of-way. compared to a traditional intersection with traffic signals, roundabouts reduce the conflict points from 32 to only 8, drastically lowering the chances of vehicle crashes.

as part of the cross-town connector in fort dodge, roundabouts were strategically placed to improve traffic flow and reduce crashes.

while initial expenses are generally higher than a standard four-way intersection, roundabouts have a much longer expected service life. in addition to being safer, roundabouts also help reduce carbon emissions and fuel consumption that commonly occur with time spent sitting at red lights. when deciding between a roundabout and a traffic-controlled option, each location’s traffic volume and size are crucial factors that must be considered.

5. diverging diamond interchange
a fresh concept in interchange design, known as a diverging diamond interchange (ddi) or double crossover diamond interchange, takes traffic safety and efficiency to a new level. in a traditional diamond interchange, approximately 26 conflict points can lead to traffic crashes. ddis have just 14 conflict points. fewer conflict points mean fewer vehicle opportunities to collide, resulting in a safer, more efficient traffic flow.

in a ddi, traffic is shifted from the right side of the road to the left side of the road at each intersection between the interchange ramps and the side road. this means left-turning traffic doesn’t cross paths with oncoming traffic, reducing the chance of a collision. once left turn intersections are cleared, traffic is returned to the road’s right side.

like the concern with roundabouts, ddis utilize an unfamiliar traffic pattern that can create apprehension and fear for some drivers. driving on the left side of the road may feel counterintuitive and even hazardous. ddis provide numerous safety, operational, and cost benefits over traditional diamond intersection designs, including reduced collision potential and increased safety by reducing the number of times vehicles cross paths. many strategies can be used to improve the nation’s roadways for greater driver and pedestrian safety. this brief look at design strategies provides insight into five techniques popular with our transportation experts. utilizing all resources, our professionals stand ready to help guide communities and maximize the funding options available to implement roadway design techniques that prioritize safety and efficiency.

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